The Hidden Forces Behind Peace: How Violence Became the Exception

For most of human history, violence was a pervasive reality—feuds, raids, and wars shaped the fate of communities. Yet, over centuries, a remarkable transformation has occurred. Violence rates have plummeted, and peace has become the norm in many parts of the world.

This change is deeply tied to the rise of centralized states which monopolized the use of force and imposed laws that curbed tribal violence. The Pacification Process reduced raiding and feuding, while the Civilizing Process encouraged self-restraint and social norms that discourage violence.

"The better angels of our nature"—a phrase capturing humanity’s capacity to overcome aggression through reason and institutions.

Social movements expanding civil rights and equality have furthered peace by reducing oppression and fostering inclusion. These forces combined show that peace is not a fragile accident but a hard-earned achievement requiring continued vigilance and commitment.

Understanding these hidden forces offers hope and guidance for sustaining peace in an uncertain world.

Sources: Enlightenment Now, Human Progress, Roots of Progress blog 1 4 3