The Migration Myth: Why the World Isn’t Flooded with Migrants and What Really Drives Movement

Migration is one of the most talked-about topics in global politics and media, often depicted as a crisis of overwhelming numbers and uncontrollable flows. Yet, international migration has remained roughly stable at about 3% of the world population for decades, a fact that runs counter to many alarmist claims. But why is migration so stable, despite huge economic disparities between countries? And what really motivates people to leave their homes or stay put?

The answer lies in understanding migration as a deeply human decision shaped by social ties, risks, and hopes rather than just economic incentives. People often move where they have family or community connections, which provide crucial support in finding jobs and housing. These social networks act as bridges, reducing the uncertainty and costs of migration.

Many would-be migrants do not move despite large wage gaps because the risks and costs—financial, social, and psychological—are high. The fear of failure, loss of dignity, and disruption of social identity weigh heavily. Studies in regions like Bangladesh show that even when financial barriers are lowered, many choose not to migrate or return quickly, underscoring the complex calculus behind migration decisions.

Interestingly, forced migration caused by natural disasters or conflicts can sometimes lead to improved economic outcomes for displaced individuals, as seen in post-volcanic eruption relocations or post-war resettlements. These cases suggest that breaking social inertia can unlock new opportunities, though the trauma of forced moves must not be underestimated.

Understanding these nuanced dynamics is vital for crafting humane and effective migration policies that respect human dignity and support integration.

By recognizing migration as a social and emotional journey as much as an economic one, we move beyond myths and fears to a more hopeful and informed perspective.

With these insights on migration, we can better appreciate the complex economic forces shaping our world, starting with international trade and its uneven impacts.

Sources: OECD on migration stability, Global Trends 2040 report, academic research on migration networks and forced displacement [[0]](#__0) [[1]](#__1)