Beyond War and Peace: The Legacy of Kenneth Waltz’s Structural Realism

In the realm of international relations, few theories have left as profound a mark as Kenneth Waltz’s structural realism. By focusing on the anarchic nature of the international system, Waltz shifted the paradigm from individual or state-centric explanations to a systemic understanding of global politics.

Structural realism posits that the absence of a central authority compels states to prioritize survival through power balancing, alliances, and sometimes conflict. This perspective challenges idealist views that emphasize moral progress or international institutions as primary peacekeepers.

Waltz’s work sparked vibrant debates, inspiring critiques and expansions that incorporate ideas, norms, and institutions. Yet, his core insight—that the international system’s structure shapes state behavior—remains foundational.

Today, as the world faces rising multipolarity, regional conflicts, and shifting alliances, Waltz’s framework provides a vital lens to interpret these developments. Understanding the balance of power and security dilemmas helps policymakers navigate a complex landscape where cooperation and competition coexist.

The legacy of Kenneth Waltz endures, reminding us that theory is essential to making sense of the turbulent world of international politics.