The Radical Roots of Resistance: How John Locke Justified Revolution

Throughout history, the question of when and how people may resist unjust rulers has been fraught with danger and debate. John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government provides a powerful philosophical foundation for the right to resist tyranny, a concept that has inspired revolutions and democratic movements worldwide.

Consent and the Social Contract

Locke argued that political society arises when individuals consent to unite under a common authority for protection of their natural rights. This social contract creates legitimate government, but only so long as it serves the public good. Legislative power is limited and cannot be exercised arbitrarily or for private gain.

Limits on Government and Justified Resistance

When rulers breach the social contract by violating rights or acting tyrannically, they forfeit legitimacy. Locke asserted that citizens have not only the right but the moral duty to resist or dissolve such governments. This principle empowered historic revolutions, affirming that authority is a trust, not an absolute right.

Historical Impact and Legacy

Locke’s ideas influenced the American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man, embedding the right to revolution in modern political thought. They continue to inspire movements seeking justice and democracy worldwide.

Understanding Locke’s justification of resistance helps us appreciate the delicate balance between order and liberty, authority and freedom, that underpins democratic governance.

Sources: Britannica, Study.com, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1 , 2 , 3