A Shorter Summa: The Most Essential Philosophical Passages of St. Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica

Imagine a world where knowledge is not just the product of human thought alone but is enriched and elevated by a divine source. This is the realm of theology, a science unlike any other, where faith and reason walk hand in hand. It is not merely the study of opinions or beliefs but the pursuit of truth as revealed by God to mankind. Here, we encounter the profound realization that human reason, while powerful, has its limits. There are mysteries and truths that surpass our natural intellect, truths that can only be grasped through divine revelation. This revelation is found in sacred scripture, which is no ordinary text but one inspired by God Himself. Thus, theology stands apart from philosophy by embracing this dual source of knowledge—human reason and divine inspiration.

But how do we approach such a text that is so rich and complex? Scripture is not a simple book with one straightforward meaning; rather, it is multi-layered and multifaceted. It speaks not only in the literal sense, recounting historical events and facts but also in spiritual senses that open windows to deeper realities. These include the allegorical, which reveals Christ and the Church; the moral, which guides us in living a virtuous life; and the anagogical, which points toward our ultimate destiny and eternal glory. This multiplicity does not confuse but enriches, allowing the faithful to journey through scripture with ever-deepening insight.

Consider, then, the importance of this method: it respects the literal meaning as foundational while building upon it a spiritual edifice that guides both mind and soul. This integration of reason and revelation forms the bedrock of theological science, enabling us to explore the divine mysteries with clarity and depth. As we embark on this journey, we begin to see how theology is not an abstract or esoteric discipline but a living dialogue between God and humanity, reason and faith, light and mystery. It calls us to a higher understanding, inviting us to accept truths that may initially surpass our grasp but ultimately lead to salvation and wisdom.

As we conclude this foundational exploration, let us carry forward the awareness that theology is a science of truths both accessible and transcendent, a science that prepares us for the profound inquiries about God and existence that await us. Now, let us move deeper into the heart of this knowledge by examining the compelling arguments that point to the very existence of God—the first step in understanding all that follows.