
Marty Makary, MD
An investigative look at medical dogmas, errors, and the culture that perpetuates them, urging scientific humility and reform.
The peanut allergy epidemic was caused by a flawed recommendation to avoid peanuts in infancy.
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Imagine a world where a simple food — the humble peanut — becomes an invisible threat, lurking in every snack, every classroom, every bite. This was the reality for millions of American children in the early 2000s, when a medical guideline, created with the best intentions but flawed evidence, urged parents to avoid feeding peanuts to their infants.
Back then, doctors and parents alike clung tightly to the recommendation, believing they were protecting their children from a dangerous fate. Yet, the data supporting this advice was thin — a single misinterpreted study blamed maternal peanut consumption during pregnancy without solid proof. The result? A generation of children who, deprived of early exposure to peanuts, developed severe allergies at alarming rates.
In a quiet corner of the world, far from American pediatric offices, children in Israel and many parts of Africa were thriving with peanuts as part of their early diets. Their immune systems were learning to accept, not reject, this common allergen. This stark contrast raised a vital question: Could early peanut exposure actually prevent allergies?
Years later, a groundbreaking clinical trial confirmed this hypothesis. Infants introduced to peanut products within their first year showed an 86% reduction in allergy development compared to those who avoided peanuts.
But the story is not just about science; it’s about the human cost of medical error. Families lived in fear, schools banned peanuts, and the market for emergency allergy treatments exploded. Meanwhile, the medical community struggled to admit its mistake, slow to reverse course despite compelling evidence.
This tale is a sobering reminder that medical consensus, when built on shaky foundations, can cause widespread harm. It underscores the need for humility, open inquiry, and the courage to challenge entrenched beliefs. As we reflect on this chapter, we prepare to dive deeper into another medical myth—one that has shaped women's health for decades. Let’s turn the page to explore the untold story of hormone replacement therapy, and how fear and misinformation have deprived millions of women of life-changing care.
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How a misguided medical guideline sparked a peanut allergy epidemic and what science now reveals
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