
Dee Hock
A visionary account of the creation of VISA and the emergence of chaordic organizations blending chaos and order to transform institutional leadership and governance.
Dee Hock coined the term 'chaordic' by blending 'chaos' and 'order' to describe organizations that balance both.
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Section 1
8 Sections
As we begin this journey, imagine a world where the institutions that shape our lives — schools, governments, corporations — are crumbling under their own weight. They grow larger, yet falter more deeply; they promise order but breed chaos.
For centuries, our collective imagination has been captivated by the metaphor of the machine. Organizations were built like clockworks, with cogs and levers, designed to be predictable, controllable, and efficient. This approach worked well in the industrial age, when uniformity and repetition were prized. Yet, as the world grew more interconnected and dynamic, this mechanistic model began to falter.
Consider a school that cannot teach its students effectively, a healthcare system overwhelmed by its own bureaucracy, or a government unable to govern. These are not isolated failures but symptoms of a deeper malaise.
Behind this lies a fundamental flaw: the belief that complex, living systems can be managed like machines. This illusion of control demands certainty, predictability, and reductionism, but life is inherently uncertain, nonlinear, and emergent. The clash between our mental models and reality fuels confusion and despair.
Yet, amidst this crisis lies a profound opportunity. The failures of old institutions invite us to ask new questions and seek new answers. What if, instead of imposing rigid control, organizations could embrace complexity and self-organization? What if they could balance order and chaos, cooperation and competition, in harmony?
As we move forward, we will explore how such transformative ideas took root in one of the largest organizations on the planet, a network that grew not by command but by cooperation: a story that challenges old paradigms and lights the way toward a new age of organizations.
Let us now step into the birth of this revolutionary vision and see how it began to take shape.
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Discover the untold story behind VISA’s creation and the birth of a new way to think about organizations — blending chaos and order for unprecedented success.
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